Steam-engine.



No. 742,888. 7 PATENTED NOV. 3, 1903.

J. MISSONG.

STEAM ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00130, 1899.

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No. 742,888. PATBNTED NOV. 3, 1903.

J. MISSONG.

STEAM ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 0( '1.30 1899.

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PATENTED NOV. 3, 1903.

J. MISSONG.

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a W M No. 742,888. PATENTED NOV. s, 1903. J. MISSONG.

STEAM ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 30, 1899. H0 MODEL. I 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4- i 34 5 i P 5 2 24 .5 E i 21 r V 3 16 i a Li" I 33 o as Patented November 3, 1903.

PATENT @rrrcn.

JACOB MISSONG, OF HUOI-IST-QN-THE-MAIN, GERMANY.

STEAM-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 742,888, dated November 3, 1903. Application filed October 30,1899. Serial No. 735,268. (No model.)

T0 Cl/ZZ whont it may concern:

Be it known that I, JACOB MISSONG, a subject of the Emperor of Germany, and a resident of Hochst-on-the-Main, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Steam-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improved method of operating steam-engines by superheated steam whereby the greater part of'the steam after having performed its work in the cylinder instead of being allowed to escape to the atmosphere or into a condenser is compressed within the engine up to its initial pressure and returned to the superheater, its latent heat being thus preserved. During the compressing operation the superheated and expanded steam is cooled to the saturated state, and at the end of the compressing operation the steam in a dry saturated condition is forced into the snperheater. This cooling of the steam is preferably accomplished by theinjection of water into the exhaust end-ofthe cylinder during compression. Before compression the exhaust-valves are opened long enough to permit a quantity of steam toesc jfejcofiespcinding'imlume to the steam which is generated from thwater injected into the cylinder. The steam remaining in the cylinder becomes saturated, but not condensed to a liquid state, and at the end of the return or compression stroke reaches a state of dry saturation before being forced from the cylinder. The heat generated by the compression prevents cooling of the cylinder-walls, and hence condensation does not take place when fresh steam is admitted to the cylinder. As the superheated steam admitted to the cylinder becomes saturated after expansion by the injection of water, the cylinder is lubricated by the saturated steam, and hence superheated steam at very high temperatures and pressures may be admitted directly to the cylinder without danger of excessive wear or cutting between the piston and the cylinder. The dry saturated steam returned to the superheater furthermore permits higher temperatures to be applied to the coils of the superheater. The cylinder is further lubricated by oil admitted with the water injected into the cylinder in a manner to be herein= after described.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 to at, inclusive, are diagrams illustrating the performance of an engine operating by my method under different pressures, temperatures, and steam admissions. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic View illustrating an engine in which the steam is expanded in one cylinder, cooled in an adjacent cylinder and an intermediate compartment, and compressed in said latter cylinder to its initial pressure. Fig. 6 is a longitudinal vertical section through the'cylinder of an engine adapted for my method of operation, showing also the boiler, superheater, and connections between the engine and superheater. Fig. 7 is a 'section on the line 7 7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a plan view of the cam and lever for controlling the water-jet; and Fig. 9 is a view, partially in side elevation and partiallyin section, showing the engine-cylinderwith a governing device for controlling the water-spray.

Referring to Figs. 6 to 9, inclusive, of the drawings, which illustrate a suitable engine for operation by my method, A indicates a cylinder having admission-ports 1 2 and exhaust-ports 3 4 at its ends, controlled by admission and exhaust valves 5 6, respectively, said valves being operated by suitable automaticmeans unnecessary to illustrate. Ports 7 8 are also arranged at the opposite ends of the cylinder, and pipes 9 10, each having a check-valve 11 therein, lead from said ports 7 8, respectively. The pipes 9 10 are connected above the check-valves to a pipe 12, leading to an oil-separator and steam-collector 13. The latter is connected to the lower end of the coils of asuperheater B. The upper end of the superheater-coils is connectedthrough a steam-collector 14 and pipe 15 with the steam-chest 16 of the engine. The piston O of the engine, as shown in the drawings, is made in two corresponding parts, 17 18, separated from one another to prevent as much as is practicable the conduction of heat through the piston from one end of the cylinder to the other. A small boiler D is provided and connected to the superheater-coils, a suitable throttle-valve 19 being provided for regulating or cutting 06 the supply of or by varying the quantity of water injected steam from the boiler. A safety-valve 20 is arranged upon the steam-collector 14. A spraying device E, Fig. 7, is arranged at the center of the cylinder, and means, hereinafter more particularly described, are provided for injecting water through said spraying device into the exhaust end of the cylinder in order to cool the steam to the point of saturation after it has expanded in the cylinder and during the ensuing compressing operation.

In operation superheated steam passes from the superheater through the steam-collector 14 to the steam-chest of the engine and from thence is admitted to the opposite ends of the cylinder alternately in the usual manner through the ports 1 2, which are controlled by the automatic valves 5. The superheated steam ad mitted to the cylinder drives the piston, and then instead of passing entirely through the exhaust-ports 3 4 the main portion of the steam is compressed during the return strokes of the piston and simultaneously cooled to the saturated state by the injection of water through the spraying device E at the exhaust end of the cylinder. The water thus injected is immediately converted into steam by the superheated steam within the cylinder. At the commencement of the return stroke before compression takes place the exhaust-valve is opened by suitable automatic means fora period long enough to permit substantially the same amount of steam LO escape from the cylinder as is formed by the injected water. The steam remaining within the cylinder becomes saturated and at the end of the stroke is compressed to a dry saturated state, its temperature thus being raised, and it is then forced by the piston through the port 7 or 8 at the exhaust end of the cylinder, thence past the checkvalve 11 through pipe 12 and oil-separator l3 and into the superheater. The walls of the cylinder are thus heated during the com pressing operation, and upon the admission of live superheated steam to the cylinder upon the ensuing piston-stroke condensation will not take place within the cylinder, and the steam will expand without material loss of temperature, following Marriottes law. The latent heat of the steam is thus saved. The engine is thus operated entirely by the heat of the superheater, the amount of steam escaping through the exhaust-ports at each stroke being supplied by the injection of water into the cylinder.

The effective work of the engine may be varied by permitting more or less steam to escape from the exhaust end of the cylinder into the cylinder, or both. By permitting a greater quantity of steam to escape from the exhaust end of the cylinder the back pressure upon the piston is correspondingly reduced, and by injecting a larger quantity of lighter loads.

water into the exhaust end of the cylinder the steam therein is correspondingly cooled and contracted in volume, thus also reducing the back pressure upon the piston. The work performed by the engine may also be Varied by holding the admission -valves open for greater or less periods of time, thus varying the charge of steam admitted to the cylinder. As the piston is moved by the difierence in steam-pressure upon its opposite sides and as the average pressure upon the admission side of the piston is greater than the average pressure upon the exhaust side of the piston, (owing to the escape and cooling of the steam on the exhaust side,) the piston operates to compress and force the steam at the exhaust end into the superheater. This will be plain from an inspection of the diagrams shown in the drawings and hereinafter referred to.

The amount of water sprayed into each end of the cylinder is controlled automatically according to the load upon the engine, more water being injected and more steam being allowed to escape with heavy loads than with In Figs. 7, 8, and 9 I have shown a governing device for controlling the water-spray. In said figures is shown a cam 21, having raised portions or tappets 22 23 at diametrically opposite points, said cam being mounted upon a horizontal shaft 24, suitably geared to the engine and driven at the proper speed to cause the tappets to lift a weighted lever 25 at the commencement of each stroke of the piston. This lever has a roller 26 bearing upon the cam and is pivoted to a bracket 27. When the lever is moved vertically by the tappets, it lifts a valve-rod 28, having a valve 29 at its lowerend, which opens communication between a pipe 30, conveying water under high pressure, and the spraying-nozzle E, leading into the exhaust end of the cylinder. When the lever drops off of the cam, the valve cuts off the supply of water to the nozzle. Oil, also under high pressure, is carried through a pipe 31 to the end of the spraying-nozzle and is sprayed with the water into the cylinder for purposes of lubrication.

The cam 21 is splined to the shaft 24 and is movable longitudinally thereon by means of a centrifugal governor 32, which operates a lever 33, having a yoke 3%, which engages a groove upon the cam. The shaft rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow, Fig. 7. The tappets, as shown in Fig. 7, are wedge-shaped, the forward side of each tappet being parallel with the shaft, so that the lever 25 is always raised at the same point in the commencement of the piston-stroke,while the rear side of each tappet is inclined to the axis of the shaft. The valve operated by the lever 25 will evidently close sooner or later, according to the adjustment of the cam. The governor is so arranged that the apexes of the tappets will act upon the lever with light loads, and a minimum amount of water will then be injected into the cylinder,while with heavier loads the cam is advanced and the lever is operated by proportionately wider parts of the tappets.

On account of the saturation of the steam before its return to the superheater the latter may be subjected to very high temperatures without injury, and the saturation of the steam in the cylinder in front of the piston also affords lubrication for the piston, which is not provided in steam-engines of ordinary construction operating by superheated steam.

W'ith ordinary engines operated by superheated steam diffi'culty is experienced in lubricating the cylinder and piston by the usual method of admitting oil with the steam on account of the vaporization of the oil. In the present invention the oil is admitted with the water atthe exhaust side of the piston and afiords proper lubrication. Oils may be used whose vaporizing-point is considerably lower than the temperature of the superheater, and as these oils vaporize in or possibly before they reach the superheater they become uninjurious, particularly if they have first been separated as much as possible in a powerfully-acting dephlegmator.

The highest safe temperature and volume of steam admitted to this engine is therefore not dependent upon the vaporizing-point of the cylinder-oils, but. upon the temperature at which the superheater becomes red-hot.

Various ways may be employed for carrying out the method, according to varying conditions. In some cases where, for instance, the spraying-water is not clean and could not, therefore, safely be injected into the cylinder it may be sprayed into a pocket or compartment connected with the cylinder. Where the steam is expanded in one cylinder and then passes into another, it is inexpedient to apply surface cooling to the first cylinder; but surface cooling may be applied to the second or compression cylinder. In Fig. 5 I have illustrated diagrammatically this latter arrangement. In this figure, E indicates the cylinder into which steam is admitted from the superheater, and G indicates the cylinder in which the steam is compressed and forced into the superheater. K indicates an intermediate cooling-compartment. The course of the steam on one stroke is indicated by the arrows. The cylinder E is indicated as being separated from the cooling-compartment K by a jacketed space L, while the cylinder G adjoins said compartment and is not jacketed. The steam in passing through and into the compression-cylinder G is cooled to the saturated state by water injected through suitable inspraying-nozzles M and by the cylinder-walls and is then compressed by the piston in the cylinder G and forced back into the superheater.

The indicator diagrams, Figs. 1 to 4, inclusive, indicate the work performed under varying superheating temperatures and pressures. In these diagrams, a 1) indicate the initial pressure; I) c, the adiabatic expansion curve; at e, the compression curve, and e a the back pressure in forcing the steam into the superheater. The hatched portions represent the work performed.

As the engine is operated by superheated steam entirely and the steam escaping is constantly compensated for by the injection of Water, the boiler may be disconnected from the superheater, and as onlya limited amount of steam is then contained in the superheater it will be evident that the rupture of a superheater-coil will not cause serious damage.

Having described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

1. The method, substantially as herein described,of operatingsteam-engineswhich consists in admitting superheated steam to the cylinder to drive the engine, cooling the exhaust-steam within the engine-cylinder, compressing the same to the initial pressure of the live steam and then superheating said exhaust-steam and readmitting it to the engine.

2. The method, substantially as herein described of operating steam-engines which consists in admitting superheated steam to the cylinder to drive the engine, cooling the ex haust-steam within the engine-cylinder and simultaneously compressing the same to the initial pressure of the live steam, and then superheating said exhaust-steam and readmitting it to the engine.

3. The method, substantially as herein des'cribed,of operating steam-engines which consists in admitting superheated steamv to the cylinder to drive the engine, injecting Water into the exhaust-steam within the engine-cylinder to cool the same, compressing the ex haust-steam and the steam generated from the injected water within the cylinder to the initial steam-pressure,superheating the steam thus compressed and readmitting it to the engine-cylinder. I

4. The method, substantially as herein described,of operating steam-en gines which consists inadmitting superheated steam to the cylinder to drive the engine, releasing a part of the exhaust-steam, cooling the remainder and compressing the same to the initial steampressure, and then superheating the portion of the exhaust-steam thus cooled and compressed and readmitting it to the engine.

5. The method, substantially as herein described,of operating steam engines which consists in admitting superheated steam to the cylinder to drive the engine, cooling the ex haust-steam by the injection of water into the same, permitting as much steam to escape as is formed by the water thus injected, compressing the remaining steam to the initial pressure of the live steam and superheating the steam thus compressed and readmitting it to the engine.

6. The method, substantially as herein described,of operating steam-engines which consists in admitting superheated steam to the cylinder to drive the engine, permitting a portion of the exhaust-steam to escape, injecting water and a lubricant into the exhaust end of the cylinder to lubricate the same and cool the steam, compressing the exhaust-steam within the cylinder to the initial pressure of the live steam, forcing the steam thus compressed into asuperheater and then readmitting said steam into the cylinder from the super-heater.

7. The method, substantially as herein described,of operating steam-engines which consists in admitting superheated steam to the cylinder to drive the engine, permitting a portion of the exhaust-steam to escape, injecting 

